Merlot is a red wine grape variety that originated in France's Bordeaux region. It produces softer, more approachable wines than Cabernet Sauvignon and is often consumed young.
History
Merlot was first mentioned in 1784 as Merlau and in 1824 as Merlot. After the phylloxera epidemic in the mid-19th century, the more productive Merlot replaced Carmenier in Médoc. The variety gained global popularity in the late 20th century, becoming the most widely planted grape variety in the world before being surpassed by Cabernet Sauvignon.
How it is made
Merlot grapes are relatively high-yielding and resistant to diseases like mildew and berry rot. The vines mature to 90-95% by the time autumn frosts arrive. In cool years, Merlot ripens better than Cabernet Sauvignon, while in warm years it accumulates more sugar. The grapes are used to produce both varietal wines and blends, particularly with Cabernet Sauvignon in classic Bordeaux-style clarets.
Types and styles
Merlot wines often feature fruit flavors of plum, cherry, blueberry, and mulberry. They may also show vegetable and spice notes including black and green olive, mint, rosemary, fennel, mushrooms, leather, and tobacco. After oak aging, additional flavors of caramel, chocolate, coffee, smoke, and vanilla may develop. Notable examples include Pétrus from France and Masseto from Italy.
Adapted from the Russian Wikipedia article Мерло, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.