Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented grape juice. It typically contains between 8.5% and 22% alcohol by volume, depending on the type and production method.
How it is made
Wine is produced through the fermentation of fresh grapes or grape must. The process involves yeast converting the sugars in the grapes into alcohol. Different production techniques create various wine styles. For instance, fortified wines have additional alcohol added, raising their alcohol content to between 12-22%. Sparkling wines contain carbon dioxide from natural fermentation, while still wines have minimal carbonation.
History
Wine production dates back to at least 6000 BCE in the Caucasus region. Archaeological evidence from ancient cultures in modern-day Georgia, Armenia, Turkey, and Azerbaijan shows fermented grape juice was stored in clay vessels. The earliest known winery, dating to 4000 BCE, was discovered in the Areni-1 cave in Armenia. These findings establish the South Caucasus and Eastern Anatolia as the cradle of winemaking.
Types and styles
Wines are primarily categorized by color: white, red, and rosé. White wines range from light straw to amber and can be made from white, gray, or red grapes without skin contact. Red wines come from red grapes with extended skin maceration. Rosé wines are made from red grapes with limited skin contact. Special categories include fortified wines with added alcohol, sparkling wines with natural carbonation, and orange wines made from white grapes with extended skin contact.
How it is served
Wine can be served in various ways depending on the type. It may be served neat, paired with food, or used in cocktails. Popular cocktails on this site include Negroni, Bellini, Manhattan, French 75, and Mimosa. Serving methods vary by wine style - some wines benefit from decanting to separate sediment, while others are best served immediately after opening.
Adapted from the Russian Wikipedia article Вино, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Kinds of wine
- Fortified wine (327 cocktails)
- Spanish wine (86 cocktails)
- Prosecco (64 cocktails)
- Sparkling wine (18 cocktails)
- Red wine (15 cocktails)
- Dubonnet (7 cocktails)
- White wine (3 cocktails)
- Dessert wine (2 cocktails)
- Rosé (2 cocktails)
- Beaujolais (1 cocktails)
- Marsala wine (1 cocktails)
- Albanian wine
- Algerian wine
- Amarone
- American wine
- Argentine wine
- Armenian wine
- Asti wine
- Australian wine
- Austrian wine
- Barbaresco
- Barbera d'Asti
- Bardolino DOC
- Barolo
- Biodynamic wine
- Brachetto d'Acqui
- Canadian wine
- Chianti
- Chilean wine
- Château Pétrus
- Clairet
- Comet vintages
- Cortese di Gavi
- Czech wine
- Falernian wine
- Franciacorta DOCG
- French wine
- Fruit wine
- Georgian wine
- German wine
- Greek wine
- Hock
- Hungarian wine
- Ice wine
- Israeli wine
- Lebanese wine
- Malaga
- Mexican wine
- Moldovan wine
- Montepulciano d'Abruzzo
- Morellino di Scansano
- Moscato d'Asti
- Mulsum
- Muscatel
- Natural wine
- New World wine
- Orange wine
- Posca
- Prošek
- Retsina
- Rhône wine
- Romanian wine
- Sacramental wine
- Saperavi
- Second wine
- Shiraz wine
- Slovenian wine
- Soave
- South African wine
- Sovetskoye Shampanskoye
- Straw wine
- Swiss wine
- Table wine
- Taurasi
- Turkish wine
- Vernaccia di San Gimignano
- Vin Santo
- Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
- Wine in China
Other styles
- Box wine
- Est! Est!! Est!!! di Montefiascone
- Wine from the United Kingdom
- Piedmont wine
- New Zealand wine
- Ginger wine
- Osmanthus wine
- Varietal
- Tiger bone wine
- Realgar wine
- Japanese wine
- Saint-Joseph AOC
- Spätlese
- Trockenbeerenauslese (Kingdom of Hungary)
- Persian wine
- Phoenicians and wine
- Lacryma Christi (Naples)
- Blue wine
- Croatian wine
- Egyptian wine
- Kabinett
- Jurançon AOC (France)
- Plonk
- Gevrey-Chambertin wine
- Friuli-Venezia Giulia wine
- Moroccan wine
- Polish wine
- Lychee wine
- Reserve wine
- Auslese
- Sonoma County wine
- Uhudler
- Santorini (Greece)
- Organic wine
- Leonese lemonade
- Pinard
- Ribeira Sacra
- Oregon wine
- Cerasuolo d'Abruzzo (Italy)
- Montefalco Sagrantino (Italy)
- Frascati DOC
- Mouton Cadet
- Elderberry wine
- House wine
- Aglianico del Vulture
- Pommard wine
- Garagistes
- Échezeaux
- Beerenauslese
- Trento DOC (Italy)
- Bulgarian wine
- Cypriot wine
- Galician wine
- Brazilian wine
- Fat Bastard
- South Tyrol wine
- Salice Salentino
- Trebbiano d'Abruzzo (Italy)
- Nizza DOCG (Italy)
- Cerasuolo di Vittoria (Italy)
- Nouveau
- Serbian wine
- Ukrainian wine
- Orvieto DOC (Italy)
- Vietnamese wine (Vietnam)
- Malamatina
- Vino pipeño (Chile)
- Slovak wine
- Uruguayan wine
- Azerbaijani wine
- Swedish wine
- Saint-Véran AOC
- Château Gloria
- Vin de France
- Gattinara DOCG
- Valle d'Aosta DOC
- Pelin wine
- Palestinian wine
- Tunisian wine
- Beaune wine
- Dutch wine
- Belgian wine
- Longan wine (People's Republic of China)
- Danish wine
- Gouqi jiu (People's Republic of China)
- Lacrima di Morro d'Alba
- La Mancha
- Montefalco DOC
- Faugères AOC
- Macedonian wine
- Ogogoro (Nigeria)
- Tanzanian wine
- Collio Goriziano (Italy)
- Montenegrin wine
- Mahuli
- Hawaii wine
- Bolivian wine
- Colli Orientali del Friuli (Italy)
- Carmignano DOCG
- Still wine
- Valdepeñas
- Cinque Terre DOC
- Judima
- Ixsir
- Vino Novello (Italy)
- Tignanello
- Luxembourgish wine (Luxembourg)
- Ethiopian wine
- Gaza wine
- Alicante
- Cigales
- Namibian wine
- Colli di Luni
- Ghemme DOCG
- Ramandolo (Italy)
- Canned wine
- Çalkarası
- Bosnia and Herzegovina wine
- Vin cuit (France)
- Late harvest
- Recioto di Soave DOCG (Italy)
- Falerno del Massico
- Vino Greco (Roman Empire, Roman Republic)
- Alella
- Château Mont-Pérat
- Indiana wine
- Romagna Albana
- Girò
- Catalunya DOP
- Acqua pazza
- Abruzzo DOC (Italy)
- Tacoronte-Acentejo
- Brindisi Rosso
- Cagnina di Romagna
- Tierra de León
- Colline Lucchesi
- Latricières-Chambertin (France)
- Arribes (España)
- Alcamo wine
- Carso DOC (Italy)
- Malvasia di Castelnuovo Don Bosco
- Ostuni DOC
- Moscadello di Montalcino
- Ycoden-Daute-Isora
- Bianchello del Metauro
- Ansonica Costa dell'Argentario (Italy)
- Maremma Toscana (Italy)
- Sedna
- Montoku (Malaysia)
- Falerio dei Colli Ascolani
- La Palma
- Rosso di Montepulciano
- Uclés
- Parrina
- Colline di Levanto DOC
- Bianco di Pitigliano
- Marino DOC
- Betanzos
- Elba DOC
- Crépy AOC
- Erbaluce di Caluso (Italy)
- Bailén
- Terre Tollesi (Italy)
- Guardiolo (Italy)
- Lessona
- Bolgheri DOC
- Fiano di Avellino DOCG
- Greco di Tufo DOCG (Italy)
- Lison DOCG (Italy)
- Pirosmani
- Pramnian wine
- Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG (Italy)
- Recioto di Gambellara DOCG (Italy)
- Rotspon
- Super Tuscan
- Svatomartinské víno (Moravia)
- Vermentino di Gallura DOCG
- Vi ranci
- Zakarpattia wine
- Blanc de noirs
- Frizzante
- Non-alcoholic wine
- Виноделие в Узбекистане
- Цимлянское вино
Well-known brands
- Brunello di Montalcino (Italy)
- Charles Shaw wine
- Mateus
- Blue Nun (Germany)
- Yellow Tail (Australia)
- Penfolds Grange
- Tenuta San Guido
- Franzia
- J. P. Chenet
- Etna DOC
- Kylie Minogue Wines
- Tavernello
- Jacob's Creek
- Rimon
- Вино Кобе