Bitter is an English type of pale ale that originated when brewers began using hops for their bittering qualities. Despite its name, it has a pleasant taste and typically ranges from 3% to 7% alcohol by volume.
Types and styles
Bitter has various subtypes based on alcohol content and characteristics. Light ale contains about 3% alcohol, while session or ordinary bitter has up to 4.1% alcohol with an amber color and malty, slightly sweet taste balanced with hop bitterness. Best or special bitter ranges from 4.2% to 4.7%, while premium or strong bitter is 4.8% and higher, also known as Extra Special Bitter (ESB). Golden ale resembles light ale in appearance and characteristics.
How it is made
The color of bitter is controlled through the addition of caramel malt. The beer's characteristic bitterness comes from hops, though it maintains a pleasant taste. The strength varies widely, from 3% to 7% alcohol, with different subtypes having distinct flavor profiles and appearances ranging from golden to dark bronze.
Adapted from the Russian Wikipedia article Биттер (пиво), available under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Well-known brands
- Chiswick Bitter (United Kingdom)